Rezolvarea
exercitiilor de la Unit 8: CROSSING BARRIERS din manualul de limba
engleza intitulat UPSTREAM UPPER INTERMEDIATE, Student’s Book, Editura
Express Publishing, Autori Bob Obee si
Virginia Evans, Editia 2003
UPSTREAM UPPER INTERMEDIATE
UNIT 8
LEAD-IN
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 1/ page
137
a).
The pictures
are all related to learning and teaching. In each picture there is someone in
the role of teacher.
b).
personal
trainer
driving
instructor
basketball
coach
private
tutor
primary
school teacher
A. driving
instructor
B. personal
trainer
C. basketball
coach
D. university
lecturer
E. primary
school teacher
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 2 / page
137
Students’
own answers.
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 3/ page
137
A: If you
ask me, I think alertness should be ranked higher.
B: I agree.
It’s important to be alert in order to take in information. I think that the
findings are correct as far as natural talent is concerned, though.
C: Oh. I
have to disagree with you there, I’m afraid. I think that natural talent is
very important when it comes to learning subjects such as Music, Art or Drama.
A: Yes, I
see your point. Personally, I would rank confidence higher as well.
B: Yes, so
would i. I think that students who are confident do much better in school than
those who are shy. etc
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 4 / page
137
a).
Whether a
person learns or not depends on them and what they do with the information they
receive. Schools and colleges do not educate people, they merely present
information.
1. b
2. a
3. c
4. d
b).
I agree with
the statement up to a point, as I think that if people want to learn, they will
learn regardless of their experience in school or college. This is evident from
the way students remember what has interested them and forget what they were
not interested in. However, I think schools and colleges are necessary in order
to guide children to the information they should be learning and to show them
how to learn and acquire knowledge by teaching them to read, research and analyse
information.
b).
A: I don’t
think that learning will ever take place completely without teachers, but I
think that students’ contact with teachers, classrooms and schools in general
may become limited in the future, as more learning will take place at home.
B: I agree.
As home computers become more widely used, I think that children will spend
more time learning through the Internet and through CD-Roms and less time
meeting with their teachers, or sitting in classrooms with their friends.
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 1/ page 138
I think the
title refers to a school in the future where classrooms will have more
computers and technological equipment than in the top and bottom pictures of
classrooms. I think the objects relate to the text because in the future,
students will use video recorders, computers and digital cameras in the
classroom.
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 2 / page 138
a).
A. As well
as this (addition)
B. In
comparison to the past (contrast)
C. For many
years (time)
D. In the
future (time), however (contrast)
E. Therefore
(consequence)
F. Without a
doubt (emphasis)
G. Even so
(contrast)
H. As a
result of (result)
I.
Consequently (consequence)
b).
1. G (‘Even so’
contrasts with ‘changes have been made’ from the previous sentence, and ‘a
visitor from Victorian times’ is echoed in ‘any visitors from the past’ in the
following sentence)
2. F (‘has
always been’ links to ‘that will still continue’ in the following sentence and
the subject ‘teachers’ is repeated later in the paragraph)
3. I (the topic
of ‘sharing of projects’ in the previous sentence is continued with ‘pupils
will be able to work on the same project together’)
4. D (the topic
of ‘the role of teachers’ is continued in the next sentence with ‘Teachers
might not always give the lessons’ and ‘In the future’ fits with the future
tense ‘will still be there’ and ‘will no doubt be replaced’)
5. A (the
reference word ‘exchange’ is repeated from the previous sentence and ‘in much
the same way’ refers to this exchange through ‘the latest mobile phones’ from
the previous sentence)
6. B (the
reference word ‘video’ and ‘project’ are repeated in the following sentence)
7. H (the
reference word ‘training’ is repeated in the following sentence)
c).
The linking words help because of
chronological and causative clues.
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 3/ page 139
a).
Nouns: classrooms, desks, teacher,
blackboard, artwork, pupils, whiteboard, OHPs, computers, information,
presentation, lessons, curriculum, access, materials, shortages, technology, skills,
software, projects, schools, classes, children, parents, system, classmates,
chairs, discussion, multimedia programs, pens, pencils, friends, playground,
drama, progress, training, musicians, knowledge
Adjectives: cyber, practical, online,
interactive, educations, three-dimensional, latest, face-to-face, simple,
talented, normal
Verbs: follow, take advantage of,
encourage, explore, share, grow, enjoy, attend, supervise, try out, produce,
use, study, learn, measure, help, enable, compete, work
b).
positioning:
the way something is placed
puzzle:
confuse
curriculum:
a course of study taught in a school
factors:
elements which affect a situation/ decision
explore:
think about sth in detail
company:
having other people with you
supervise:
oversee/ control a task/ a group of people
access:
reach/ obtain sth
measure:
discover/ judge the extent of sth
remotely:
from a distance
recognizable:
identifiable
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 4/ page 139
1. b
2. a
3. b
4. a
5. b
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 5/ page 139
a).
· Computers
are the classrooms of the future and most of the school curriculum will be
followed online.
· Children
will share classes and projects with other students around the country and
around the world.
· Teachers
will interact with pupils through video windows.
· All the
desks will be in a circle.
· Videos,
software and multimedia programs will be used more.
· Children
will be able to exchange information, music and videos through mobile phones.
· New
equipment and technology will improve lessons in every subject.
A: I think that most of the school
curriculum will be followed online in the future because it will be easier and
more convenient for children to learn through computers.
B: I agree. Children need to learn
computer skills from an early age, anyway, so it is better for them to use
computers in their education. I think Ss will share projects because they can
do this online.
A: I agree. I don’t think that
teachers will interact with pupils through video windows. I can’t see that
happening, to be honest.
B: Hmm. I think that it might happen
at some point in the future because in that way, one teacher could interact
with quite a lot of children, so it would save money.
A: I see. I think desks will be
rearranged and I agree that videos, software and multimedia programs will be
used more. In fact, school projects and presentations are already being given
in video format or on computers in some schools.
B: Yes, and children will be able to
exchange music, information and videos through mobile phones, as this is
already happening.
A: That’s true. And I think it goes
without saying that new equipment and technology will improve lessons in every
subject, as we can see how technology is already improving education and
whenever new equipment is introduced to a school it makes a huge difference to
the learning experience.
b).
Schools of
the Future
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 6/ page
139
A: I would like to see more up-to-date computers bought so we can learn
how to use the latest equipment. I also think we should have a swimming pool
for swimming lessons and I would like the classrooms to be redecorated so they
are more modern, comfortable and more pleasant to work in.
B: I agree with you about the computers and the redecoration of the
classrooms, but I don’t think we really need a swimming pool. After all, there
is a sports centre at the end of the road which is perfectly suitable for our
school’s needs. I think what our school needs is a theatre, with up-to-date
lightening and sound equipment. There should also be some TV or video cameras
and editing equipment, so that we could learn how to make our own films.
A: That’s a great idea. I think you’re right. There’s not much point in
building a swimming pool when we can use the one at the sports centre, and a
theatre like the one you described would be much more useful.
B: Good. So, we agree that the most important changes that should be made
to our school are buying modern computers, redecorating the classrooms and
building a theatre.
LANGUAGE
FOCUS
Upstream –Upper
Intermediate
ex 1/ page
140
a).
1. pre-school
2. junior
3. 16-18
4. college
b).
Students’ own answers
c).
· Revision is
done by students at secondary school and university.
· School
reports are first given to students in primary school.
· Projects are
first done by children in primary school.
· Lecturers
are attended by students at university.
· Careers
counseling is first given to students in their final year of secondary school.
· Exams are
sat by students from secondary school onwards.
· Seminars are
attended by students at university.
· Climbing
frames are used by children at nursery school.
· Tutorials
are attended by students at university.
· Science
experiments are carried out by students at primary and secondary school.
· A sand pit
is used by children at nursery school.
· A thesis is
written by a student at university.
· Colouring is
done by students at nursery school.
· The alphabet
is learnt by children at nursery and primary school.
· Detention is
given to students at secondary school.
· Foreign
languages are learnt by students at secondary school.
· Modelling
clay is used by children at nursery and primary school.
· Toy bricks
are used by children at nursery school.
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 2/ page
140
a).
B. 1
C. 5
D. 8
E. 4
F. 3
G. 2
H.6
My school
had a library, a computer lab and several music rooms. It also had several
science labs, a canteen and lots of corridors. There was a gymnasium and a
staff room, too. You could also find a playing field and tennis courts in my
school.
b).
· A computer
lab is used for doing research on the Internet and learning to use different
software. I used the computer lab at my school once a week.
· A gymnasium
is used for having PE lessons, doing gymnastics and playing indoors sports. I
used the gymnasium at my school once a week.
· Corridors
are used for exhibiting artwork, keeping lockers and displaying notices. I used
the corridors at my school every day.
· A canteen is
used for having lunch and socializing with friends. I used the canteen at my
school every day.
· A music room
is used for having music lessons and practicing musical instruments. I used the
music rooms at my school every day.
· A science
lab is used for learning about Biology, Chemistry and Physics and for doing
experiments. I used the science labs at my school three times a week.
· A staff room
is used for having coffee breaks, spending free periods and attending meetings.
I never used the staff room at my school, but teachers used it every day.
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 3/ page
140
1. boarding
2. single sex
3. state
4. private
5. public
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 4/ page 141
· General
Certificate of Secondary Education = qualification awarded in the UK
· National
Vocational Qualification = work-related qualification awarded in the UK
· Advanced
Level = qualification awarded in the UK after passing an exam in a certain
subject at the end of secondary school or sixth form college (age 18)
· Higher
National Diploma = qualification awarded in the UK
· Bachelor of
Arts/ Bachelor of Science = qualification awarded after completion of a
three/four-year course of study at university (age 21+)
· Master of
Arts/ Master of Science = a post-graduate qualification awarded after
completion of a one/ two year course of study at university (age 22+)
· Doctor of
Philosophy = a post-graduate qualification awarded after completion of approximately
three years of study which results in the publication of an original research
project (age 24+)
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 5/ page 141
1. sit/ take
2. taking
3. passed
4. failed
5. resit
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 6/ page 141
1. class
2. course
3. grade
Jane always
gets good grades.
Simon has
missed class twice this week.
The teacher
dismissed the class at the end of the lesson.
The local
college is offering a music course. etc.
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 7/ page 141
1. develop
2. holds
3. accepted
4. hold
5. career
6. grant
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 8/ page 141
1. catch up:
reach the same level as others
2. falling
behind: failing to keep up with others
3. go over:
review/ look through again
4. keep up:
follow
5. look up:
find/ research
6. put off:
postpone/ delay
7. told off:
scolded/ reprimanded
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 9/ page 141
1. learnt by
heart: memorised
2. make the
grade: pass
3. teach sb a
lesson: punish sb they don’t do sth again
4. in a class
of (his) own: much better than everyone else
5. got (her)
nose in a book: reading
6. the
teacher’s pet: the teacher’s favourite student
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 10/ page 141
1. for
2. of
3. in
LISTENING AND
SPEAKING
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 1/ page 142
a).
A. I expect
the speaker to talk about how people often worry that they will fail exams.
B. I expect
the speaker to talk about how tiring revision for exams can be and the effect
of trying to do too much.
C. I expect
the speaker to talk about how parents can put pressure on students to do well
in exams.
D. I expect
the speaker to talk about a new kind of exam, which tests students differently.
E. I expect
the speaker to talk about how computers can be used to mark exam papers.
F. I expect
the speaker to talk about how people often get results they don’t expect in
exams.
b).
Speaker 1 –
D ( assess their ability to learn, this type of exam, more useful to students)
Speaker 2 –
C (my dad’s eyes, my sister’s tired face, I wish he wouldn’t do this, he’s
concerned about her future)
Speaker 3 –
B (lost weight, black rings under eyes, didn’t sleep, last three days, so hard
on himself)
Speaker 4 –
F (surprise, saw my grade, stunned)
Speaker 5 – E
(technology, exams marked electronically, reducing paperwork)
c).
students’
own answers
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 2/ page 142
a).
1. A:
Personally, I think that students stay away from school because they are bored
with their lessons. What do you think?
B: I think
that boredom plays a role in making students want to play truant, but I also
think that problems at school cause them to make time off. For example, they
may be being bullied, or they may have problems with a certain teacher which
make them afraid to go to school.
A: Yes,
that’s a good point. I suppose that the influence of their friends could have
something to do with it, too. If their friends are playing truant, they may
copy them just to fit it.
B: They may
also have family problems and not feel like going to school. For example, they
may have a sick parent or have to go to earn some money if the family is poor.
2. A: Truancy
can cause students all kinds of problems. For instance, they will certainly
fall behind in their studies and find it hard to catch up again if they miss
too many classes.
B: That’s
right. They may also get in trouble with their teachers and their parents if
they are found out. It is illegal for a child under the age of sixteen to miss
school without parental permission.
A: Yes, I
know. Another problem truancy may cause students is that they could fall in
with a bad crowd and get involved in crime.
B: Exactly.
They could also decide to try other forms of rebellious behaviour, such as
smoking or drinking and endanger their health.
3. Key words to
be underlined:
1. some
children play truant; earn money; behave badly; never punished
2. parents
holiday term time; peak season; spend time as family; save money
3. difficult
convince students attend regularly; parents bad example; no good reason;
teachers behave irresponsibly
4. government’s
contribution; trying for years; beginning; too late
5. government
talks with travel agents; offer cheap holidays; children don’t play truant; get
help combating truancy
6. aims or
behavioral improvement projects; teach parents; teach students missed lessons;
teach students take school seriously
7. law; not
strict enough; parents not prosecuted; parents face charges
b).
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. C
6. C
7. B
c).
1. more
responsible parenting
2. teaching
students to respect school
3. strict
punishment
4. police
involvement
5. more
interesting lessons
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 3/ page 143
A: My laptop
computer is very important to me when I am away from home. It has all my
important documents stored on it and I use it every day to send emails and look
for information on the Internet. Do you have a laptop?
B: No, but I
have a mobile phone, which I couldn’t live without when I am away from home. I
use it every day to send messages and make calls. If I was going to study
abroad for a year, I would definitely take my mobile phone, my camera and my
teddy bear. What about you?
A: Well, I
wouldn’t take a teddy bear, but I would take my laptop, my diary and my guitar.
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 4/ page 143
1. A: I think
that people go away to study in order to experience living in a different area
or even a different country.
B: Yes, I
agree. That way, they get to learn a new way of life, and maybe even a new
language, as well as the subject they have chosen to study.
A: Another
reason is that universities or colleges in other areas often offer courses
which are not available where you live, so in order to study your chosen
subject, you have to leave your home town or country.
B: That’s a
good point, I hadn’t thought of that. Also, going abroad to travel gives you
the chance to meet interesting people from other parts of the world.
2. A: Someone
who is studying abroad can face several problems. They may feel homesick and
miss their family, for example.
B: That’s
right, or they may have trouble understanding the language and be unable to
communicate properly.
A: Another
problem they may face is prejudice from the culture is very different to their
own and they might have a lot to learn in order to be able to fit in.
3. A: I would
like to study in a foreign country because I would like to learn about how
people live in other parts of the world.
B: Me too. I
would love to learn a new language as well, and be able to communicate with the
native people of a new country.
A: It would
be great to gain insight into a different culture and to get to know new
places.
B: I agree,
although I might feel a little homesick at times.
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 5/ page 143
· Both
students use accurate grammar, though the range of structures they use is very
limited, with almost no complex sentences. Their vocabulary is also very
limited.
· Student B
has perfect (American) native speaker pronunciation. Student A makes some minor
pronunciation errors, e.g. ‘d’ instead of ‘th’, but generally has very good pronunciation and can be easily
understood throughout. Both students use stress and intonation successfully to
convey the intended meaning.
· Both
students interact well, particularly Student B, moving the task forward and
inviting responses from each other, though not with any degree of
sophistication. They do not develop their ideas very well and some of their
responses are rather too short and simple.
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 6/ page 143
a).
1. Situation: A
boy got a lower mark than he had hoped for.
phrases:
Consoling: Never mind. It’s not as bad as you think.
2. Situation: A
girl has just passed her driving test.
phrases:
Congratulating: Congratulations! I’m so happy for you!
b).
1. A: Lucy? Are
you free after classes?
B: Yes, I
am. Why?
A: Well, I
passed my exams yesterday, and I thought we could go out to celebrate.
B:
Brilliant! Well done!
2. A: What’s
the matter, David? You look upset.
B: Yeah! I
am upset, actually. I’ve just crashed my car.
A: That’s a
shame. Don’t let it get you down.
3. A: Lucy? Are
you free after classes?
B: Yes, I
am. Why?
A: Well, I
got accepted to study medicine abroad yesterday, and I thought we could go out
for a meal.
B: Excellent!
I’m really happy for you!
4. A: What’s
the matter, Simon? You look upset.
B: Yeah! I
am upset, actually. I’ve just lost my job.
A: That’s
too bad. I’m so sorry.
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 7/ page 143
2. A: Shall we
go?
B: Why not? / Let’s not.
3. A: Do you
mind?
B: Not at all./ Yes, actually.
4. A: How did
it go?
B: Quite well./ Terribly.
5. A: Are you
coming then?
B: I’d rather not./ I’d love to.
6. A: What are
my chances?
B: Reasonable./ Poor.
7. A: Can I
try?
B: Go ahead./ You’d better not.
8. A: I tried
really hard.
B: Never mind.
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 1 / page 144
a).
1. There were
probably very strict rules and the discipline was probably harsh.
2. students’
own answers
b).
Student notes: pushing and hitting, taking
money from other students, destroying students’ property, verbal abuse,
ridiculing others, threatening behaviour
Examples from text: pointing
out students’ mistakes, laughing at
them, getting kicked, making fun of one another, being shoved, books
stolen or written on, jackets whitened, lives made difficult
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 2 / page 144
a).
Main points from questions to be underlined:
1. main
problem; fourth form
2. teacher, try
to do on many occasions
3. writer’s
opinion; East, Brown
4. clever boys
seemed
5. what Tom
like; end third form
6. second
monthly examination; Tom
7. what
happened; clever boy
Parts of text which include answers:
1. all ages
from nine to fifteen (line 5) the most unhappily constituted class (lines 9-10)
2. three
unhappy fellows whom the doctor and the master were always endeavouring to
promote into the upper school (lines 17-20)
3. the most mischievous and
reckless age of British youth, of which East and Tom Brown were fair specimens
(lines 23-24)
4. these boys … in general,
their lives made difficult for them (lines 35-38)
5. Tom had come up from the
third with a good character… he succeeded in maintaining the appearance of
steadiness (lines 39-44)
6. Tom never lifted his
eyes from his book but could feel the Doctor’s mood (lines 53-55)
7. his head was gone and he
made some terrible mistakes (lines 62-63)
b).
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. C
5. A
6. C
7. B
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 3/ page 145
a).
Highlighted words:
unfortunate:
unlucky
promote:
advance
mischievous:
naughty
reckless:
irresponsible
rapidly:
quickly
preceding:
previous
ceased:
stopped
Words in bold:
handed out:
given out
youngsters:
children
master:
teacher
endeavouring:
trying
specimens:
examples
temptations:
things you want to do which you shouldn’t
shudder: a
feeling of great fear
wrath: anger
provocation:
the reason for sb to react angrily
b).
form, lower school, Latin and Greek
texts, teach, master, class, school, grammar, lesson, play hours, Doctor, upper
school, progress, books, examinations, examine, work, translate, passage, bench
c).
·
a sad mixture of students
·
they were laughed at and feared by the younger boys
·
always fooling/ playing around
·
no good at all
·
it would take up all a person’s time
·
could not resist the temptations
·
was liked
·
the pupils shook with fear
·
no noise at all
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 4/ page 145
a).
confused,
nervous, stressed, worried, frightened, fearful, scared, embarrassed
b).
A: Well, I
imagine that after being hit by the Doctor, the poor boy probably felt
extremely embarrassed and upset. He may have started crying or he may have had
to go to see the school nurse.
B: I agree
and I also think his attitude towards the teacher probably changed after that.
He might even have become too shy to speak in front of other students in case
he made more mistakes!
c).
I think a
student would be likely to go straight to the Headteacher and his parents to
complain. His parents might go to the police to press charges because it is
against the law for a teacher to hit a child.
d).
Well, pupils
usually turn up early to make sure we have time to check the timetable. We find
out where the exam room is, check that we have enough pens and pencils and so
on. We all feel very nervous. During the exam we are not allowed to talk at
all. When the exam is finished, we all feel very excited and make a lot of
noise.
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 5 / page 145
a).
I think
bullying can certainly create problems with attitude and behaviour. Young
pupils can be particularly vulnerable because if they are being bullied, they
might feel too afraid to discuss the problem and then the situation could
worsen. I think turning to a professional is definitely the answer. Most
schools these days have professional psychologists to help pupils.
b).
Corporal
punishment is not allowed because it is seen as cruel and unnecessary.
ENGLISH IN
USE
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 1/ page 146
a).
The first
sentence is active and the second sentence is passive.
b).
1. The school
will be visited by the Minister of Education next week.
2. David
Copperfield was written by Charles Dickens.
3. School
uniform must be worn at all times.
4. Have the
results been announced yet?
5. The
newsletter is published every month.
6. I don’t like
being teased.
7. This window
has been broken.
8. An arrest
will be made soon.
c).
· John was
given some medicine.
· John was
sentenced to three years in prison.
· John was
given a lot of homework.
· John’s car
was repaired.
· John’s lawn
was mowed.
· John’s order
was taken.
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 2 / page 146
1. with
2. by
3. by
4. by
5. with
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 3/ page 146
2. The Earth
was once believed to be flat.
It was once believed that the Earth was
flat.
3. All
passengers are feared to have been killed.
It is feared that all passengers were
killed.
4. The plan
was understood to have failed.
It was understood that the plan had failed.
5. She is
known to have been telling the truth.
It is known that she was telling the
truth.
6. He is
expected to go to university.
It is
expected that he will go to university.
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 4/ page 146
· A: What is
the ceremony called?
B: A
graduation ceremony.
· A: Who is
invited?
B: Students
who have passed their degree course and their families.
· Are the caps
and gowns bought or rented?
B: They are
usually rented for the day.
· A: What is
the certificate called?
B: It’s
called a degree.
· A: How often
is the ceremony held?
B: Once a
year.
· A: What are
the students presented with?
B: A degree
certificate.
· A: Are
speeches made:
B: Yes.
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 5/ page 146
a).
The first
sentence uses the causative form with the simple past and the second sentence
uses the past passive. The meaning is more or less the same, except that the
first sentence suggests that I arranged for the teacher to mark my essay.
b).
2. I have my
eyes tested by the optician.
3. I have my
hair cut by the hairdresser.
4. I have my
car repaired by the mechanic.
5. I have my
trousers shortened by the tailor.
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 6/ page 146
1. We will have
the lawn mowed on Saturday.
2. I prefer
having my house cleaned by someone else.
3. I will have
my homework checked.
4. We have had
the food for the party arranged.
5. I am having
my essay marked.
6. Jane had the
appointment made by her secretary.
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 7/ page 146
1. … was
cancelled owing to …
2. … is
estimated to cost …
3. … is no
point in trying …
4. … tell the
difference between …
5. … avoid
being recognised …
6. … have the
network fixed …
7. … would like
to find out …
8. … efficient
at doing …
9. … was
prevented from going …
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 8/ page 147
a).
The
sentences mean the same, but in the first sentence ‘exciting’ describes the
performance, whereas in the second sentence ‘excited’ describes how we felt
about the performance.
b).
· I found the
film very amusing./ I was very amused by the film.
· We were
fascinated by his stories./ We found his stories fascinating.
· The lesson
was rather boring./ We were rather bored by the lesson.
· I was
thrilled by the roller coaster ride./ The roller coaster ride was thrilling.
· My job can
be very tiring. / I am often tired by my job.
· The
situation was very embarrassing./ I was very embarrassed by the situation.
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 9/ page 147
1. people
2. operations
3. medical
4. extended
5. recognition
6. acknowledgement
7. variety
8. financially
9. subscription
10. decisions
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 10 / page
147
1. D (try,
attempt: verbs, trial and error: phrase)
2. B (take
over: phrasal verb – to assume control of sth)
3. C (generous
marker: collocation)
4. A (to
complain about/ of sth: prepositional phrase)
5. B (be used
to: past habit)
6. D (badly
organised: collocation)
7. A (marks –
points awarded for correct answers)
8. C (award +
object, merit sth/ing, grant sb/sth to sb)
9. B (to do
one’s best: phrase)
10.
A (succeed in doing sth, gain an ability, meet = satisfy)
11.D (naturally
gifted: collocation)
12.
C (no wonder: expression)
13.
D (explain sth to sb, be offered sth/offer sth to sb, be given
sth/ give sth to sb)
14.
A (to lose interest: collocation)
15.
D (to drop out: phrasal verb)
WRITING
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 1 / page 148
Key words to
be underlined: Your town; given grant; improve the recreational facilities for
young people; either new sports centre or new entertainment complex; letter to
the editor of local newspaper; giving your opinion; how money should be spent
and why
1. a letter
2. the editor
and readers of my local newspaper
3. formal,
because it is to someone I do not know
4. I think that
the money should be spent on a new sports centre.
5. a, b, e
6. a- The
schools in the area do not have tennis courts or a swimming pool, as a new
sports centre would give young people access to these facilities.
b- The
cinema has a small screen and has neither a Dolby sound system, nor facilities
for showing the latest 3D movies. An entertainment complex could provide a
modern cinema and many other facilities too.
e- A new
sports centre would provide positive and productive activities for young people
to do in their spare time such as taking past in team sports and friendly
competitions.
7. My reason
for writing and my opinion on how the money should be spent.
8. In
conclusion, I strongly believe that a new sports centre is the most logical
choice for what to spend the money on. It would be of the greatest benefit to
the young people in our town. I hope the town council comes to the same
conclusion and starts work as soon as possible.
9. yours
faithfully,
10.
Peter Watkins
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 2 / page 148
a).
1. D – it
begins with “Firstly”, which is suitable for the first point of the letter.
Also, the paragraph goes on to explain the benefits of having sports facilities
in the town.
2. B – It
refers to the way playing sports can build character, and the rest of the
paragraph lists ways in which playing sports can do this.
3. E – It
begins with “However”, which is a way of introducing a contrasting viewpoint,
and the paragraph is about how a cinema would also be a good addition to the
town, although not as good as sports centre.
b).
Yes, the
writer states his opinion clearly and supports it with reasons.
c).
In
conclusion, I firmly believe that the best way of spending the grant would be
to build a sports centre, because this would greatly improve life for the young
people in our town. I hope that the council shares my opinion and decides to
begin the project immediately.
Upstream –Upper
Intermediate
ex 3/ page 149
a).
d, a, e, c, b
Dear Sir/Madam,
Introduction
(Para
1) What is your reason for writing?
What is your opinion?
Main
Body
(Para
2) What can you say in support of your opinion?
What would the
consequence/ results be?
(Para
3) What else can you say in support of your opinion?
What is the
reason/justification for this?
(Para
4) What is the opposing viewpoint?
Why does this not change your
opinion?
Conclusion
(Para
5) What is your opinion?
What do you hope the reader(s)
will do?
Yours faithfully,
(your full name)
b).
Yes.
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 4/ page 149
a).
To list
points: to begin with; to start with; lastly, firstly, finally
To add more
points: furthermore; in addition; what is more; moreover; also
To give
examples/ reasons: therefore; for instance; because; then; in this way; this
would mean that; such as; consequently; as a result; for example; since
To introduce
the opposing viewpoint: whilst; nevertheless; on the other hand; however
To conclude:
all in all; to sum up; all things
considered
b).
Firstly – to
begin with/ to start with
Moreover –
In addition/ Furthermore/ What is more
In addition
– Moreover/ Furthermore/ What is more
What is more
– Moreover/ In addition/ Furthermore
Such as –
for instance/ for example
However –
Nevertheless/ On the other hand
Nevertheless
– On the other hand/ However
To sum up –
All in all/ All things considered
As –
because/ since
Upstream –Upper
Intermediate
ex 5 / page 149
a).
1. I think
2. That way
3. There’s no point
4. In my opinion
5. Firstly
6. As a result
b).
A – a friend of mine or a close
relative
B – the editor of a magazine or
newspaper readers or my teacher
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 6/ page 150
a).
1. b
2. a
3. c
4. e
5. d
b).
I am writing
with regard to a letter in your magazine about the town council’s plants to
build a new motorway in our area. I wish to express my disapproval of this
proposal.
Obviously,
it is a disastrous plan. First of all, we would lose all greenery in the area.
I am writing
in connection with the government’s plan to ban cars from the city centre. I am
totally in favour of this idea.
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 7/ page 150
a).
2. I am of the
opinion that the town council’s plan to introduce a recycling scheme is a good
idea.
3. I am
totally opposed to the plan to close down the zoo.
4. It seems
to me that abolishing school uniforms is not a good idea.
5. I am in
favour of providing free public transport.
b).
2. e If a recycling scheme were introduced, the
result would be that we could conserve valuable resources.
3. c This would mean that children would not be
able to learn about wildlife.
4 a The reason is that students would feel pressure
to be fashionable.
5 d Then, there would be fewer cars on the
street.
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 8/ page 150
Key words to be underlined: composition; giving
your opinion; Earning money is more important than getting a good education.
1. a composition
2. my teacher
3. formal/ semi-formal
because it is for a person in authority who I know
4. I disagree.
5. To start with, an
education is more valuable than money. What is more, a good education often
leads to financial success.
6. Knowledge of different
subjects helps us in all aspects of life. Well-educated people have better
employment prospects and earn higher wages than poorly educated people.
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 9/ page 151
a).
Model A is an appropriate answer.
b).
Model A has well-developed paragraphs,
introduces the topic clearly, uses a variety of linking words/ phrases, uses
topic sentences to introduce paragraphs, has appropriate supporting sentences,
gives examples to support arguments and restates the writer’s opinion.
Model B uses simple language
patters, restates the writer’s opinion and uses everyday English.
c).
Sentences to be underlined:
First of all, education is the key
to development. What is more, a good education can help to achieve economic
success. Of course, there are people who argue an education is not necessary in
order to make lots of money.
Alternatives:
To begin with, having a good
education enables us to develop, as people and as a society. In addition, a
good education leads to financial rewards later in life. On the other hand, it
is not uncommon for people with no real education to make a fortune.
d).
Beginning: 4
Ending: 1
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 10/ page
151
a).
2. Nonetheless, there are some
drawbacks to being your own boss.
3. On the other hand, many people
think that boys and girls should be educated separately.
4. In contrast, there are some
benefits to having zoos.
On the other hand, there are a
number of arguments against working mothers.
5. However, a lot of people find
mobile phones useful.
b).
1. To start with, cars are expensive
to run and maintain.
2. Firstly, you are more likely to
work very long hours.
3. In this way, they are not
distracted in the classroom and can concentrate properly on their studies.
4. For instance, children are able
to learn about wildlife and rare species.
5. For example, working mothers have
less time to spend helping their children to develop.
6. To begin with, they are extremely
good to have with you in an emergency.
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 11/ page
152
Lots people – Lots of people
I don’t agree with this view. – I disagree with
this view.
School uniforms is very important in a number of
ways, I feel. – I feel that school uniforms are very important in a number of
ways.
school uniforms are giving – school uniforms
give
Without, those students – Without it, students
break out into – break up into
There is and more – What is more
It’s difficult – It is difficult
everyone is dressing the same – everyone
dresses/ is dressed the same
that uniform limits – that a uniform limits
All in all I, am – All in all, I am
Paragraphing mistakes: - The main body should be
divided into three paragraphs as follows:
1. ‘To start with … what
clothes they wear.’ (about sense of identify)
2. ‘What’s more, wearing
the same clothes … when everyone dresses the same.’ (about reducing social
differences)
3. ‘On the other hand … in
a small way.’ (about self expression)
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 12/ page
152
A. Key words to be underlined: English is
the only foreign language worth learning; your teacher; a composition; your
opinion
1. my teacher
2. a
composition
3. whether or
not English is the only foreign language worth learning
4. formal/semi-formal
5. I agree that
English is the most important foreign language to learn for a number of reasons
6. English is
the language of business, computers and the Internet, and it is an important
second language in many countries.
B. Key words to be underlined: newspaper
article; what the public can do to reduce the crime rate; write a letter to the
editor of the newspaper; giving opinion and making suggestions
1. the editor
and readers of the newspaper
2. a letter
3. how the
general public can reduce the crime rate in my town
4. formal/
semi-formal
5. I believe
that ordinary people can do a lot to reduce the amount of crime in our neighbourhood.
6. Neighbourhood
Watch schemes are a good way for members of the public to help reduce crime,
and people should have burglar alarms.
7. Some people
believe that crime prevention should be left to the police.
C. Key words to be underlined: English is
the only foreign language
1. the editor/
readers of the college magazine
2. an article
3. whether or
not continuing your education beyond high school is essential in order to get a
good job
4. semi-formal
5. I strongly
agree that further education is necessary in order to secure a good career for
a number of reasons.
6. In today’s
competitive job market many employers will not consider hiring staff who do not
possess a degree.
7. Some people
believe that experience is more valuable than qualifications.
Upstream
–Upper Intermediate
ex 13/ page
152
A. Today, many people
believe that English is the most valuable foreign language to learn. I agree
with this view for a number of reasons.
First of all, English is
the language of business, computers and the Internet. Therefore, it is an
important part of daily and working life. People need to be able to understand
English in order to conduct business meetings, use the Internet and use a
variety of computer software programs.
What is more, it is the
second language in many countries around the globe. Consequently, you can be
sure that wherever you go, you will find someone who speaks English.
On the other hand, may
people believe that other foreign languages such as Spanish or French are more
important to learn. However, they are very few countries where most people do
not speak any English at all.
In conclusion, I believe
that although there are valid reasons for learning other foreign languages,
English is by far the most important language in the modern world. After all,
it is the language of the future.
B. Dear Sir/ Madam,
I am writing in response
to your published article. I believe that ordinary people can do a lot to
reduce the amount of crime in our neighbourhood.
Firstly, Neighbourhood
Watch schemes are a good way for members of the public to help reduce crime. People
can report suspicious characters to the police and keep an eye on neighbours’
property while they are away. In this way, criminals would be greatly
discouraged from committing crimes in residential areas.
In addition, I think
that people should be encouraged to install burglar alarms in their homes. As a
result, criminals would be deterred from breaking into houses.
However, some people
believe that crime prevention should be left to the police. Whilst I feel
strongly that crime prevention should not be the sole responsibility of the
public, I feel that since we are the victims we should make an effort to do
what we can.
All in all, it is my
opinion that there are things the public can do to fight crime, but they need
to feel that the authorities are working to protect them as well.
Yours faithfully,
Timothy Hardcastle
C. More education, better
jobs
Every year, millions of
students decide to go to university after school to improve their job
prospects. I strongly agree that higher education is necessary, in order to
secure a good career for a number of reasons.
Firstly, in today’s
competitive job market many employers will not consider hiring staff who do not
possess a degree. People without qualifications may find it extremely difficult
to get anything more than an unskilled job.
Furthermore, many higher
education courses include work experience so that graduates have the
qualifications and experience required for a position. As a result, they can
often start higher up in a company.
On the other hand, some
people believe that experience is more valuable than qualifications. However,
this is often acquired from starting at the bottom and working your way up. With
the right qualifications, prospective employees can start from a higher
position on the career ladder.
All things considered, it seems that for many jobs, having a
college or university education is a huge advantage. After all, it is better to
be over-qualified than undereducated.
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